What is Allergic Rhinitis?

Allergic rhinitis, or hay fever, is a condition due to allergy that mimics a chronic cold.

The nose is an important structure of the body. Apart from aesthetics, it is an organ of smell and it is through the nose that air gets into the lungs.

Air is filtered, humidified and warmed in the nose. During this filtration process, foreign particles and pollutants are removed. These processes ensure that lung function is optimal.

Allergic rhinitis

This is a condition in which the nose produces a response to an allergy – producing substance (allergen). The body recognises the allergen as a harmful substance and produces antibodies, which are proteins the body produces to fight off harmful viruses and bacteria.

When the allergen comes into contact with the inside of the nose and throat, an antibody called immunoglobulin E (lgE) is released. Lg E causes the release of chemicals like histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins, which together, cause the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

The inside lining (mucous membrane) of the nose swells and blocks the airway. This causes congestion and excess mucous production and gives rise to sneezing and runny nose. Other symptoms include itchiness and watery eyes. Most of the symptoms are due to histamine.

Allergic rhinitis is a common condition worldwide. It is estimated that about a quarter of people have allergic rhinitis at some stage in their lives.

Some people get allergic rhinitis at particular times of the year because certain allergens are produced seasonally. Other people get allergic rhinitis throughout the year because the allergens are non – seasonal.

Those who suffer from allergic rhinitis frequently have other allergic conditions, such as asthma, or allergic conjunctivitis.